Bioconcentration factor bcf was used to determine the quantity of heavy metal absorbed by plant from the water. Metals that are accumulated by plants and largely stored in the roots of the plants are indicated by tf values less than 1, with values greater indicates translocation to the aerial parts of the plant mellem et al. Phytoremediation is seen as an alternative green solution to the problem. Bcf and translocation factor tf can be used to evaluate plant phytoremediation potential. Translocation factor bcf and bioconcentration factor bcf were calculated based on the results from the analysis of the samples. The assessment of cadmium, chromium, copper, and nickel. Phytoremediation of heavy metals by trifolium alexandrinum. Potential phytoremediation of soil cadmium and zinc by. Phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated paddy soils with. The results of the bioconcentration factor, translocation factor, and enrichment coefficient tests indicate that goedaeuksae 1 could be used for phytoremediation in a marginally contaminated ecosystem. An extensive area of the world is contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants including heavy metal pollutants. This study is an initiative to turn zerovalue kitchen wastewater into a valuable wastewater resource.
A study of the uptake of heavy metals by plants near metalscrap. Bioavailability and bioaccumulation characterization of. The method of dynamic factors in bioindication and. Translocation factor tf was described as ratio of heavy metals in plant shoot to that in plant root 7, 27. More cd, cu, and pb contents were localized in roots compared to leaves or stems. A phytoremediation model was developed based on generated data and time period for the reclamation of metals contaminated soils was predicted using obtained information. Phytoremediation of lead, nickel, zinc, cadmium and chromium contaminated soils. The high bioconcentration factor and the efficient root. Meanwhile, two plant genetic approaches are available for a. The bcf is calculated as the plantsoil contaminant concentration ratio.
Bioaccumulation factor of pb was phytoextraction of zinc, copper, lead, iron, and nickel from landfill leachate by duckweed l. If genetic engineering is eventually successful in producing plants that are able to reclaim contaminated lands in tractable time frames. Water hyacinth and duckweed strongly accumulated cd with concentrations of 462 and 14200 mgkg, respectively, and bcf values of 1225 and 2567, respectively. The bioconcentration factor bcf of all metals in the root and shoot indicates the plants. Phytoremediation of heavy metals in aqueous solutions felix aibuedefe aisien, oluwole faleye and eki tina aisien 42 profile shown in figure 4.
Bioaccumulation assessment is important in the scienti. In particular we compared a native genotype with two commercial lines l019 and l042. Phytoremediation is the natural ability of certain plants to bioaccumulate, degrade, or render harmless contaminants in soils, water, or air. A bioaccumulation factor considers uptake from food as well. Results showed that the native variety presented the highest seed production 3. Solanum melongena showed bioaccumulation factor bf and transfer factor. Bioconcentration factor can also be expressed as the ratio of the concentration of a chemical in an organism to the concentration of the chemical in the surrounding environment. Stem dde bioconcentration factors and % dde phytoextracted for 3 cultivars each of two c.
Increasing demand for food and irrigation motivates reuse of wastewater. Evaluation of nickel phytoremediation potential of rumex. Copper accumulation was found to concentrate the most in the roots compared to the amount. Phosphatesolubilizing bacteriaassisted phytoremediation. Fieldbased investigation on phytoremediation potentials. The bioconcentration factor refers to the most important plant feature in phytoremediation. I plan to include further information about the different factors that determine how long it takes for soils to be cleaned through phytoremediation. Populus nigra as a phytoremediator for cd, cu, and pb in. One example is the cultivated fields in the south of alborz industrial city in iran, which is irrigated. Arsenic a fish bcf of 4 for arsenic is recommended based on clement associates 1988. Oehha is recommending that the arithmetic mean of 11. Phytoremediation of kitchen wastewater using eichhornia. The present study demonstrated that many of these grasses may be suitable for phytostabilization of soil cadmium. Heavy metals are among the most critical environmental pollutants close to industrial areas.
Phytoremediation is a method to recover contaminated soil by heavy metals. The bioconcentration factor bcf is the ratio of the concentration of the substance in a. In the case of commercial mixtures pcbs were commercially manufactured as complex mixtures, the physical and chemical properties including homolog composition, physical state, pour point, vapor. Initial concentration of metals highly influenced the phytoremediation rate. Phytoremediation is the name given to a set of technologies that use different plants as a containment, destruction, or an extraction technique. Pennisetum purpureum purple accumulated the most zinc and the third highest cadmium in roots. In assessing the fitness of plant species to serve in a phytoremediation role by means of phytoextraction the bioconcentration factor bcf is a key metric. Finally, the result shows that the plant species was good accumulator of these heavy metals. The present study analysed the concentration and distribution of six metals cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc in sediment and macrophyte samples of varthur lake, bangalore.
Dynamics of metal pollution in sediment and macrophytes of. Phytodegradation, or phytotransformation, is the use of plants to uptake, store and degrade organic pollutants. The bioconcentration factor can be used to evaluate the content of heavy metals in organisms, while the translocation factor can be used to measure the amount of heavy metals transferred form one organ to. Bioindication and phytoremediation are applied aspects of the accumulation of chemical elements in plants. Accumulation and distribution of lead pb in plant tissues of guar. Bioconcentration factor an overview sciencedirect topics. Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at. Bioconcentration factor bcf, phytoextraction rate pr and extraction factor ef were calculated. Also, different factors as indicators of ability of the plant species in bioaccumulation, translocation and phytoremediation of researched metals were calculated on. In this study, the effective role of water hyacinth eichhornia crassipes for remediation of nutrients and metalsmetalloids present in kitchen wastewater kww has been evaluated. Pdf bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and metabolism of. Calculation of a bioconcentration factor, the concentration. Two different urban soils with similar ph and carbonates content but with different pollution degree were phytoremediated with different plant species. Heavy metals uptake of salty soils by ornamental sunflower.
In particular, bcfshoot values were higher than that of bcfroot, indicating that accumulation of heavy metals in the shoot is higher than in the root. Phytoremediation of iron fe and copper cu by water. The fields of bioindication and phytoremediation have required evaluating the processes of the absorption of chemical elements by plants, in order to be able to compare plants by their capacity to absorb chemical elements and to compare the chemical elements by their. In the present study, an attempt to have a comparative assessment of the efficiency of aquatic weeds like typha latifolia, eichhornia crassipes, salvinia molesta and pistia stratiotes to treat the effluents under laboratory conditions. Phytoremediation potential and copper uptake kinetics.
The bcfss of cd for various speciescultivars of each of the genusspecies of pennisetum, miscanthus, panicum virgatum, and arundo donax ranged from 0. Phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated paddy soils with pteris vittata markedly reduces arsenic uptake by rice wenling yea,b, m. Mcgratha, fangjie zhaoa, arothamsted research, harpenden, hertfordshire al5 2jq, uk b school of earth and space sciences, university of science and technology of china, hefei, anhui 230026, china. Phytoremediation of metals in association with phosphatesolubilizing bacteria psb considerably overcomes the practical drawbacks imposed by metal stress on plants. Two factors are the amount of biomass production and the metal bioconcentration factor. Bioconcentration factor bcf, translocation factor tf and bioaccumulation factor bac of the plants grown in control and metal contaminated soil was calculated for ni metal. Bio concentration factor bcf of heavy metals was the highest in free floating. Bio concentration factor and translocation ability. The bcf is a measure of the extent of chemical sharing between an organism and. Effect on the addition of edta also been analysed from the results. Bioconcentration fact or of harvested tiss ues pb concentration in soi l mg. Issn 22787763 petroleum hydrocarbons pollution in soil. Strong mineral acids attack part of the silicate soil matrix and as consequence part of the heavy metals obtained are included in the structures of the mineral fraction. This document describes the procedures and calculations epa used to compute the national bioaccumulation factors bafs that were, in turn, used to calculate the agencys updated national recommended water quality criteria for human health for 94 chemicals usepa 2015.
Heavy metals total accumulations in root, stem and leaf was calculated and bioconcentration factor, translocation factor values was also calculated. Bioconcentration factors of shoots varied by a factor of 31. Phytoremediation is one of the viable solutions for this concern. Bioconcentration factors of cd and zn in the leaves were the highest for the. Nowadays, to assess the bioconcentration factor bf of plants in phytoremediation, the pseudototal o total concentration has been used by many authors. Rumex acetosa plants can be effectively used for phytoremediation of cd, pb, mn. Indices of soilplant metal transfer such as translocation, bioconcentration and bioaccumulation factors were calculated. Removal of heavy metal cadmium with phytoremediation by. Phytoremediation, in combination with burning the resulting biomass to produce electricity and heat, could become a new environmentally friendly form of biotechnology.
Phytoremediation of polluted waters potentials and. Phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated mafiadoc. Transfer and bioaccumulation of mercury from soil in. Phytoremediation through phytoextraction process is a biotechnology that utilizing plants to clean the environment 1. The aim of this study was to determine the bioconcentration factor and the translocation factor of heavy metals pb, cu, and zn in mangrove trees avicennia and rhizopora at the blanakan ponds. Phytoextraction removes metals or organics from soils by accumulating them in the biomass of plants. Biological accumulation factor baf was calculated as ratio of heavy metal in shoots to that in the soil 3, 7, 27. Eutrophication and metal contamination are the principal pollution problem for almost all inland lakes in world.
The bioconcentration factor bcf of pb in the shoot and the root was 0. Highest bioconcentration factor bcf was determined for mn and fe in both plants. It can be seen that the concentration of pb in the plant tissue increased from an initial value of 620mgkg to 1070mgkg. However, nowadays to assess the bioconcentration factor of plants in phytoremediation, the pseudototal or total concentration has been used.
Some recommended plants which are commonly used in phytoremediation and. Heavy metals are pollutants that often contaminate aquatic environment like ponds. A bioconcentration factors is the ratio of the concentration of a substance in an organism, following direct uptake from the surrounding environment water, to the concentration of the same substance in the surrounding environment. Bioconcentration factors of sunflower plant for l ead concentrations. Bioconcentration factors of cadmium in roots were greater than 1 for 19 grasses. In this study, we evaluated the phytoremediation ability of three different genotypes of cowpea vigna unguiculata l. Enhanced phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soil. Bioaccumulation and translocation factors of cadmium and. Phytoremediation of heavy metals in aqueous solutions. The bioconcentration factor would need to be 10 for a relatively ef. Phytoremediation is an ecofriendly and low cost potential strategy for cleaning up of heavy metals from contaminated soils. Generally, either bioconcentration factors bcfs or bioaccumulation factors bafs are used for this purpose.
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